Book description shape memory alloy engineering introduces materials, mechanical, and aerospace engineers to shape memory alloys smas, providing a unique perspective that combines fundamental theory with new approaches to design and modeling of actual smas as compact and inexpensive actuators for use in aerospace and other applications. Change in resistance if the element is fully elongated or. Magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic shape memory alloys ni. Model for strain and magnetization in magnetic shape. The evolution equations of the internal variables are restricted by group symmetry operations. Umetsu 4, hiroyuki nojiri 4 and takeshi kanomata 5,6. Austenite high symmetry t martensite low symmetry no diffusion, reversible twinned microstructure of martensite thermal actuation. On the microstructural origins of martensitic transformation.
Edited by a recognized expert leading a group with a long history of sma research, shape memory alloys. Development of a quasistatic model of nimnga magnetic. A freeenergy function is constructed, which couples strain and magnetic moments in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. Msmas have been widely investigated in the past decade due to their ability to demonstrate large magnetic field induced strain and higher frequency response than conventional shape memory alloys smas. The most widely studied magnetic shape memory alloy, monocrystalline ni mnga, has a monoclinic martensite structure with 10 m lattice. Pdf magnetic shape memory alloys as smart materials for. Reversible martensitic transformation under low magnetic. Magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. Magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic shape memory.
A free energy function is constructed, which couples strain and magnetic moments in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. Magnetic shape memory alloy msma which is an alloy. In this study, the shape memory response of ni 2mnga and nimncoin magnetic shape memory alloys was observed under compressive stresses. Neutron diffraction can follow the evolution of different martensite variants as the temperature is changed. The acoustic pressure impacts the neck of a helmholtz resonator hr with a flexible face made of an elastic membrane. Magnetic shape memory msm alloys take a unique position within the class of smart materials due to their outstanding strain up to 10% obtained in a moderate magnetic field. Identification of novel compositions of ferromagnetic shape. In order for an alloy to have the shapememory property, it must undergo what is called a martensitic transition. Oct 17, 2015 history of shape memory alloys the first reported steps towards the discovery of the shape memory effect were taken in the 1930s by otsuka and wayman. In this area, magnetic shape memory alloys msma are possible. Introduction electromagnetic actuators are a well known field where finite element simulations are applied. On the microstructural origins of martensitic transformation arrest in a nicomnin magnetic shape memory alloy n.
Chumlyakov3 magnetic fieldinduced, reversible martensitic transformations in nicomnin metamagnetic shape memory alloys were studied under constant and varying mechanical loads to understand the role of. Some conclusions clarifying the conditions and values of the susceptibility jumps in magnetic shape memory alloys are given in section 4. Here we show an example where the petals of the flower are made from a shape memory alloy that. Exploration of magnetic shape memory alloys in the nimnga ternary system 42. This study investigates acoustic energy harvesting via magnetic shape memory alloys msma. The magnetic shape memory effect the mechanism responsible for the large strain of msm alloys is the socalled magnetically induced reorientation mir, and is sketched in the figure. Next section describes general properties of the magnetic shape memory alloys and underlines the differences between more widely known thermal shape memory alloys and msma materials. The elongation can be reversed fully either by the application of a magnetic field at. This demo is animated, but it shows the motion of the axis.
Since then, the research in this field has focused considerable attention on applications for using the materials as actuators and sensors. The circle marks the compositions near the ni 2 mnga heusler composition. However, it requires high mobility of the twin interfaces. Magnetic shape memory alloys msmas change shape when exposed to a mechanical stress or a magnetic. Recently, however, it was found that the conversion of variants can also be promoted by the application of a magnetic field to induce the martensitic state in ferromagnetic ni 2 mnga shape memory alloys. The large magneticfieldinduced strains observed in martensitic phases based on ni 2 mnga and in other magnetic shape memory alloys are believed to arise from a process of twinboundary motion rather than magnetostriction. Magnetic possibilities combining the shape memory property. Chumlyakov3 magnetic fieldinduced, reversible martensitic transformations in nicomnin meta magnetic shape memory alloys were studied under constant and varying mechanical loads to understand the role of. Recently, metamagnetic shape memory alloys have attracted much attention as candidates for the rareearth free magnetic refrigerants. Develop new material compositions in nimnga alloy system to utilize fieldinduced. By introducing smart materials in micro systems technologies, novel smart microactuators and sensors are currently being developed, e.
Giant magnetostriction in ferromagnetic shapememory alloys. The magnetic shape memory effect can be used for designing actuators where the element elongates based on the presence of a magnetic field. Magnetic shape memory alloys msmas are a promising material system as they show multiple coupling effects as well as large, abrupt changes in their physical properties, e. The working frequency of these alloys may be higher than conventional shape memory alloys, such as niti, because the magnetic field may operate at higher frequency. Shape memory alloys smas belong to a class of shape memory materials smms, which have the ability to memorise or retain their previous form when subjected to certain stimulus such as thermo mechanical or magnetic variations. Magnetic shape memory actuators represent a new type of smart electromagnetic actuators where the msm material elongates and contracts when applying a. Magnetic shape momory alloy operating demo youtube. Jan 16, 2017 meta magnetic shape memory alloys mmsmas have recently received much attention due to their ability to transform magnetic zeeman energy into mechanical work andor heat flow 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. Metamagnetic shape memory alloys mmsmas have recently received much attention due to their ability to transform magnetic zeeman energy into mechanical work andor heat flow 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. In the field of micromechatronics, microrobotics and specially microfactories, active materials are used in most cases. Magnetization and straindependent free energy model for fem. The design of the proposed energy harvester let radial force in the membrane be tunable. Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys fsma constitute a subgroup of shape memory.
Magnetic shape memory alloys msms are attractive smart materials because they exhibit, at the same time, a large strain 10 % and a short time response 100 microns s. Some unique properties, such as large nonlinear elastic behavior and low youngs. Finite symmetry is considered for singlecrystal msma. Shape memory alloys modeling and engineering applications. The magnetic field was applied along the samples longitudinal axis. Us10290405b2 magnetic shape memory alloys and specimens. The application of the magnetic field at the lowtemperature martensitic phase realizes the magnetic fieldinduced martensitic. Magnetic shape memory alloys modelling and pneumatic. Reversible martensitic transformation under low magnetic fields in magnetic shape memory alloys n. Magnetomechanical response in nimnga magnetic shape memory alloys 5a.
This technology relates also to an actuator, sensor and harvester including msm element of this technology. Role of covalent hybridization in martensitic structure and magnetic properties of shape memory alloys. Phenomenological and statistical approaches for smas. Experimental details an alloy with composition ni 51. Jan 15, 2014 magnetic field induced reorientation, or the magnetic shape memory effect, is defined as the magnetic fieldinduced rearrangement of ferromagnetic twinned martensite microstructure along with a large macroscopic deformation. This chapter focuses on some fundamental topics of these multifunctional. It shows shape memory alloy effect with a shape change caused by applying a magnetic field as well as a shape change is caused by temperature. Also explore the seminar topics paper on shape memory alloys with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year mechanical engineering me or production automobile students for the year 2019 2020. Recently, however, it was found that the conversion of variants can also be promoted by the application of a magnetic field to induce the martensitic state in ferromagnetic ni 2 mnga shapememory alloys. A shapememory alloy is an alloy that can be deformed when cold but returns to its predeformed remembered shape when heated.
Shape memory alloys scatter neutrons very effectively, so neutrons are an almost ideal probe with which to view the martensitic transformation at a microstructural level. The associated gibbs function is used to calculate timedependent transition probabilities between martensite variants in a magnetic field under applied stress. This paper describes a precise positioning system based on magnetic shape memory alloys msmas. Abstract in the field of micromechatronics, microrobotics and specially microfactories, active materials are used in most cases.
Shape memory alloys an overview sciencedirect topics. Shape memory alloys seminar report, ppt, pdf for mechanical. This rearrangement of variants can result in the large strains typical of shapememory materials. Thermal strain measurements were performed using a 10 t heliumfree cryocooled superconducting. Shape memory alloys design of shape memory alloy sma actuators springerbriefs in applied sciences and technology by ashwin rao, a. Ni 2mnga is a magnetic shape memory alloy msma that has been shown to exhibit fully reversible, stressassisted magnetic field induced phase transformation mfipt in the i xphase. Magnetic shape memory alloys as smart materials for micro. They permit high resolution and distributed actuation. It is very difficult to control the alloy composition by using the conventional vacuum vapour deposition, though complete contamination free conditions can be. A quasistatic model for nimnga magnetic shape memory alloy is formulated along the lines of the brinson and tanaka sma constitutive models. Magnetic shape memory alloys with high actuation forces dtic. Magnetic shape memory alloys magnetically induced martensite mim magnetically induced reorientation mir requirements for actuation exotic materials. Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility in the. Magnetic shape memory alloys msmas have the unique ability to change their shape within a magnetic field, or in the presence of stress and a change in temperature.
Shape memory alloy engineering introduces materials, mechanical, and aerospace engineers to shape memory alloys smas, providing a unique perspective that combines fundamental theory with new approaches to design and modeling of actual smas as compact and inexpensive actuators for use in aerospace and other applications. Magnetic shape memory alloys, smart materials, magnetic anisotropy 1. We have developed highthroughput fabrication and detection techniques, based on thin films, for exploring one class of multiferroics, ferromagnetic shape memory alloys fsmas. Development of a quasistatic model of nimnga magnetic shape. Although ironbased and copperbased smas, such as femnsi, cuznal and cualni, are commercially available and cheaper than niti, nitibased smas are preferable for most applications due to their stability and practicability. Magical metals, how shape memory alloys work ainissa ramirez duration. Magnetic shape memory alloys msmas have attracted an.
Compositional dependence of structure, magnetization and magnetic anisotropy in nimnga magnetic shape memory alloys. Explore shape memory alloys with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. Magnetomechanical response in nimn ga magnetic shape. Modification of microstructure and shape of solid materials by an external magnetic field. Among all the offer concerning magnetic active materials, magnetic shape memory alloy is a relatively new candidate. Pdf magnetic shape memory alloy and actuator design.
Entirely within the martensite phase, actuation by magnetic field, faster than conventional stress or temperature induced sma. With this book readers will gain an understanding of the intrinsic. The actuator can be driven fasterslower average 70mms and in biggersmaller steps accuracy. From the atomic occupation and magnetic properties mentioned above, we find that, in. The three elements occupy the crystallographically nonequivalent positions of an l 21 structure. The two most prevalent shape memory alloys are copperaluminiumnickel and nickeltitanium, but smas can also be created by alloying zinc, copper, gold and iron. The wellknown nimnbased magnetic shape memory alloys exhibit fascinating multicaloric effects including elastocaloric, magnetocaloric and barocaloric effects, but they are intrinsically brittle because of weak grain boundary cohesion, which results in poor cyclic stability of elastocaloric effect. Magnetic shape memory alloy msma which is an alloy of nimnga. Magnetic shape memory effect of up to 6% elongation in a magnetic field. Ferromagnetic shape memory alloy how is ferromagnetic. Shape memory alloy effect in addition to a shape change caused by the application of a magnetic field, an additional shape change is caused by temperature. The dependence of strain on magnetization, em, generally shows a large component that is linear rather than quadratic in m below saturation quadratic dependence being. Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys have large magneticfieldinduced strain mfis in addition to the magnetic shape memory effect msme. Constitutive modelling of magnetic shape memory alloys.
One of the most important property is wide, nonsymmetrical hysteresis in static characteristics of the material, which can be seen as advantage or disadvantage. The fact that the shape memory of the new material is activated by magnetic fields offers further advantages in addition to higher force. Enhanced cyclability of elastocaloric effect in boron. Magnetic shape memory effect up to 6% elongation in a magnetic field. The shape change results from a reorientation of the unit cell via motion of twin boundaries. By keeping track of the variant fractions, the evolution of strain and magnetization is determined. Magnetic shape memory alloy introduction, properties and. Greninger and mooradian 1938 observed the formation and disappearance of a martensitic phase by decreasing and increasing the temperature of a cuzn alloy. Since the shape memory effect sme and pseudoelasticity exist in both niti and nimnga, constitutive models for smas offer a basis for ferromagnetic shape memory alloys fsma modeling. Msm devices promise innovative applications working at frequencies not achievable by. Thermodynamic framework for the modeling of solid materials.
History of shape memory alloys the first reported steps towards the discovery of the shape memory effect were taken in the 1930s by otsuka and wayman. Ferromagnetic shape memory alloy how is ferromagnetic shape. This effect, which is also referred to as the magnetic shapememory effect, arises through the magnetic. Magnetization and straindependent free energy model for. Exploration of new ferroic ferroelectric, ferromagnetic or ferroelastic materials continues to be a central theme in condensed matter physics and to drive advances in key areas of technology. The large strain can either be caused by a magnetic fieldinduced structural reorientation usually by twin boundary motion or by a magnetic fieldinduced phase transformation usually a martensitic phase transformation. Smas have drawn significant attention and interest in recent years in a. It exhibits inverse magnetostrictive effect or villari. Magnetic shape memory alloys msmas belong to the class of heusler materials, which are ordered intermetallics with the generic formula x 2 yz with x and y being 3d elements and z a group iiiava element. Compositional dependence of structure, magnetization and. Ferromagnetic shape memory alloyschallenges, applications. Magnetocaloric effects in metamagnetic shape memory alloys.
Magnetic shape memory and shape memory alloys other than titanium based. Corrosion of shape memory and superelastic alloys uhlig. Magnetic shape memory alloys as smart materials for micropositioning devices a. Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys exhibit martensite transformation mt and magnetic transition and thus may be actuated by thermal and magnetic fields. Magnetic shapememory alloys msmas are multifunctional materials exhibiting coupling between magnetic and structural order which leads to a very large magnetic. Acoustic energy harvesting via magnetic shape memory alloys. Phase transformation and magnetic anisotropy of an iron. Magnetic shape memory alloys msmas belong to the class of heusler materials, which are. The integrity basis for the gibbs free energy is derived by considering material symmetry.
It may also be called memory metal, memory alloy, smart metal, smart alloy, or muscle wire. Jan 09, 20 shape memory alloys are materials that are able to remember their shape under different conditions. This new type of material shows an interesting potential in the area of mechatronics due to its. A free online edition of this book is available at additional hard copies. Corrosion of shape memory and superelastic alloys uhligs. Magnetic and structural properties of nimnga polycrystalline and single crystalline alloys were investigated in wide composition range. A generalized modelling approach for magnetic shape memory alloys is introduced in this work. Modeling and applications is a necessary book for students and practicing engineers interested in a thorough understanding of shape memory alloys. Pdf on jan 1, 20, thorsten krenke and others published hysteresis in magnetic shape memory alloys find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Magnetic shape memory alloys as smart materials for micropositioning devices. An important example is ni 2 mnga, which shows magnetism mainly due to the mn atoms. Magnetic shape memory msm alloys have the capability to produce large magnetic fieldinduced strain of several percent. Full length article on the microstructural origins of martensitic transformation arrest in a nicomnin magnetic shape memory alloy n. These materials undergo the martensitic transformation mt at around room temperature accompanied by a significant entropy change.